HABITAT: Neotropical migrant bird most commonly found in the Eastern U.S. and Southern Canada during the summer breeding season. Can be found wintering in Central America.

Spring migrational paths: These birds move north roughly following the 1.7°C isotherm (avg nightly temp.), following the flowering-blooming and reproduction season, since this is just above freezing they are pushing the limit as far as being able to find insects and flowering plants that don’t thrive at below-freezing temperatures.

Autumn migrational routes: many gather in the Southern U.S. in mid-September before flying across the Gulf; some take an overland route through Mexico.